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Sejarah Riba Zaman Lampau


Dalam syariat islam, tidak dikenal dengan sistem 'Bank'. Sejarah mencatat asal mula dikenalnya kegiatan perbankan adalah pada zaman kerajaan tempo dulu di daratan Eropa. Kemudian usaha perbankan ini berkembang ke Asia Barat oleh para pedagang.
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Dalam perjalanan sejarah kerajaan pada masa dahulu penukaran uangnya dilakukan antar kerajaan yang satu dnegan kerajaan yang lain. Kegiatan penukaran ini sekarang dikenal dengan nama Pedagang Valuta Asing.

Sistem Kredit

Lambat laun, orang-orang semakin membutuhkan pinjaman dalam bentuk jatuh tempo yang disebut sebagai kredit atau cicil. perkembangan perkreditan ini dilanjutkan pada zaman Romawi kuno. Selain kredit usaha mikro, juga dikembangkannya suatu sistem kredit untuk kepemilikan rumah. Namun, seiring dengan jatuhnya Roma di tahun 476 M, perbankan ikut mengalami kemunduran di Eropa.
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Akhirnya sistem kredit mulai bersinar kembali sejak semakin pesatnya kegiatan perdagangan di Eropa, terutama di Itali sekitar abad ke-13 hingga kini. .
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INTI dari sistem kerja imperialisme kuno dan modern sesungguhnya terletak pada sistem perbankan ribawi. Dalam dunia ekonomi, Karl Marx dianggap sebagai orang yang pertama kali “menemukan” hal ini dalam teori nilai lebihnya (surplus-value).
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Namun jika kita melihat lebih jauh, sistem riba sesungguhnya diciptakan oleh Ksatria Kuil (Knights Templar) dengan lembaga simpan-pinjam pertama di dunia yang disebut “Usury”. Ini adalah istilah bahasa Inggris untuk menyebut “Riba”.

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