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Nasehat Umar Bin Khatab Soal Dagang

Nasehat Umar Bin Khatab Soal Dagang

- Madrasah Muslimah

Mengingat pentingnya kehalalan pendapatan rakyatnya, Umar bin Khatab -radhiyallahu’anhu- memainkan perannya sebagai khalifah kala itu, dengan membuat sejenis regulasi guna melindungi pasar rakyatnya . Beliau pernah menyampaikan ultimatum yang ditujukan kepada para pedagang di pasar-pasar Madinah, bahwa pedagang yang tidak memahami aturan jual beli Islam (fikih buyu’), akan dicabut perizinan operasional dagangnya.

Beliau menyatakan,

لا يقعد في سوق المسلمين من لا يعرف الحلال والحرام, حتى لا يقع في الربا ويوقع المسلمين

Tidak boleh berjualan di pasar-pasar umat Islam orang yang tidak mengetahui halal dan haram. Sehingga iapun terjatuh pada riba dan menjerumuskan kaum muslimin pada riba.. (lihat : Ihya’ ‘ulumuddin 2/59, dikutip dari Al-Mu’amalat Al-Maliyah Al-Mu’ashiroh hal. 8)

Peraturan inipun turun-menurun menjadi aturan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintahan-pemerintahan Islam sepeninggal Umar bin Khatab -radhiyallahuánhu-. Bahkan menjadi aturan yang lumrah di zaman kekhilafahan-kekhilafahan Islam dahulu, yang saat ini, aturan semacam ini menjadi sangat asing, bahkan hampir punah di lingkungan-lingkungan masyarakat Islam.

Ar-Rahuni menyebutkan dalam bukunya “Audhah Al-Masalik” beliau mendapatkan informasi dari salah seorang guru beliau,

أنه أدرك المحتسب يمشي في الأسواق، ويقف على الدكان ويسأل صاحبه على الأحكام التي تلزمه في سلعته، من أين يدخل عليه الربا فيها؟ وكيف يحترز منها؟ فإن أجابه أبقاه في الدكان، وإن جهل شيئا من ذلك أقامه من الدكان ويقول:
لا يمكنك أن تقعد في سوق المسلمين تطعم الناس الربا وما لا يجوز

Sang guru pernah menjumpai polisi pasar sedang  patroli di pasar. Dia berhenti di sebuah toko lalu menanyakan pemiliknya tentang hukum-hukum yang berkaitan dengan barang yang ia jual. “Dari arah mana riba bisa masuk ke dalam barang dagangan anda..? Bagaiman cara menghindarinya..?” Bila pedagang itu mampu menjawab, ia tetap diizinkan berjualan di tokonya. Bila tidak mengetahui ilmu tentang jawaban itu, akan dicabut izin dagang dari pedagang itu. “Tidak mungkin..”kata polisi pasar itu “anda berjualan di pasar umat islam, bisa-bisa anda memberi makan masyarakat dengan riba atau hal yang diharamkan.” (Dikutip dari Al-Mu’amalat Al-Maliyah Al-Mu’ashiroh hal. 9)

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