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Sikap Berlebihan • Fatwa NU

Sikap Berlebihan • Fatwa NU

Secara ajaran Islam menolak ekstremisme. Meskipun dalam realitas sejarah ada penganutnya yang berperilaku ekstrem dengan mengatasnamakan agama. Fakta ini bukan monopoli Islam. Hampir semua agama memiliki kasus bahwa ada sebagian umatnya yang sangat fanatik, berpikiran picik, lalu nekad melakukan tindakan melampaui batas yang berseberangan dengan nurani dan ajaran luhur agama. Idealitas ajaran memang satu hal, sementara kenyataan sejarah adalah hal lainnya.

Dalam khazanah Islam, ulasan tentang ekstremisme didapati dalam sejumlah istilah seperti ghuluw, tatharruf, atau lainnya. Secara bahasa kedua istilah itu memiliki arti yang mirip, yakni sikap berlebihan, melampaui batas, keterlaluan, ekstrem.

Rasulullah sendiri empat belas abad lalu mewanti-wanti umatnya agar menjauh dari sikap ghuluw.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِيَاكُمْ وَالْغُلُوَّ فِي الدِّيْنِ ؛ فَإِنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ الْغُلُوُّ فِي الدِّيْنِ
Artinya: “Wahai manusia, jauhilah berlebih-lebihan dalam agama karena sesungguhnya yang menghancurkan orang-orang sebelum kalian adalah berlebih-lebihan dalam agama.” (HR Ibnu Majah)

Hadits ini memberi peringatan bahwa ghuluw punya fungsi penghancur bila dilakukan. Hal tersebut sebagaimana terjadi pada umat-umat terdahulu. Selain mengajak untuk belajar pada sejarah, yang menarik Nabi menggunakan redaksi “yâ ayyuhan nâs” yang berarti “wahai umat manusia”, bukan “yâ ayyuhal ladzîna âmanû” (wahai orang-orang beriman). Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa bahaya sikap berlebih-lebihan bersifat universal, mencakup semua orang di berbagai belahan dunia, apa pun latar belakang agama dan keyakinannya.

Dalam kalimat yang agak berbeda, Rasulullah juga bersabda:

هَلَكَ المُتَنَطِّعُوْنَ

Artinya: “Pasti akan binasa orang-orang yang berlebih-lebihan dalam agama.” (HR Muslim)

Menurut Imam Nawawi, al-mutanaththi‘ûn berarti orang-orang yang memperdalam dan berlebih-lebihan terhadap sesuatu yang melampaui batas, baik perkataan-perkataan maupun perbuatan mereka. Ia menjelaskan demikian ketika memberi syarah (penjelasan) kitab Shahih Muslim.

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