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Hukum Ngupil Ditempat Umum

#Bismillah

🌿🌿 Hukum Ngupil Di Tempat Umum 🌿🌿

📌 Ahmad Anshori  Kemarin lusa

➡ Mhn penjelasanny terkait hukum ngupil di tempat umum.

Jawaban :

Bismillah, wassholaatu was salam ‘ala rasulillah, waba’du.

Pada dasarnya, mengupil adalah kegiatan yang hukumnya mubah. Hanya saja akan menjadi masalah, ketika mengupil di lakukan di khalayak umum, atau cukup di hadapan orang lain. Karena ada hak orang lain yang terusik oleh perbuatan itu, yaitu menyebabkan orang yang melihatnya merasa jijik.

Di sini, kita menemukan suatu sifat yang dapat membantu untuk mengetahui hukum mengupil di depan umum atau di hadapan orang lain, yaitu membuat jiwa merasa jijik (tu’afih al-anfus).

Beberapa hadis menerangkan larangan melakukan tindakan yang dapat menyebabkan jijik. Diantaranya, hadis tentang larangan buang air kecil di air yang menggenang.
Nabi shallallahualaihi wa sallam bersabda,

لا يَبُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ الدَّائِمِ الَّذِي لا يَجْرِي , ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ

Janganlah seseorang dari kalian kencing di air yang menggenang; yang tidak mengalir, lalu dia mandi menggunakan air tersebut. (HR. Bukhori)

Penulis Kifayatul Akhyar, mengutip pernyataan Imam Ar-Rafi’i –rahimahumallah– yang menjelaskan alasan larangan ini,

وهذا المنع يشمل القليل والكثير لما فيه من الاستقذار, والنهي في القليل أشد لما فيه من التنجس الماء..

Larangan ini mencakup air menggenang sedikit maupun banyak. Karena tindakan tersebut dapat menimbulkan rasa jijik. Pada air yang sedikit, larangan lebih ditekankan, karena dapat menyebabkan air menjadi najis. (Kifayatul Akhyar, hal.25)

Imam Tabrani meriwayatkan sebuah hadis dari sahabat Ibnu Umar –radhiyallahu’anhuma-, yang menerangkan larangan buang hajat di bawah pohon yang berbuah. Meskipun para ulama hadis menilai sanad hadis ini dho’if, namun secara makna, benar.

Kemudian Imam Abu Bakr bin Muhammad Al-Husaini –rahimahullah– (penulis Kifayatul Akhyar) menjelaskan alasannya,

والحكمة في ذلك حتى لا تتنجس الثمرة فتفسد, أو تعافها الأنفس..

Hikmah larangan tersebut adalah, supaya buah yang jatuh tidak terkena najis, sehingga menyebabkannya rusak, atau menyebabkan jiwa merasa jijik. (Kifayatul Akhyar, hal. 25)

Dari sini, kemudian para ulama menyimpulkan sebuah kaidah fikih,

ما يعاف في العادات يكره في العبادات

Segala tindakan yang menjijikan secara adat, maka dimakruhkan secara ibadah.

(Lihat : Al-Qawaid Al-Fiqhiyyah Baina Al-Isholah wa At-Taujih, hal. 161)

Berdasarkan kaidah ini, hukum mengupil di hadapan orang lain yang menyebabkan dia merasa jijik adalah, makruh. Dan makruh adalah tindakan yang bila ditinggalkan karena Allah akan berbuah pahala, bila dikerjakan tidak berdosa.

Keterangan di atas menggiring kita untuk menyimpulkan sebuah kesimpulan yang amat indah, yaitu bahwa Islam adalah agama yang sangat menjaga perasaan orang lain. Segala tindakan yang dapat menimbulkan rasa jijik, dilarang oleh agama ini. Dan tentu saja, diantara bentuknya adalah, mengupil di hadapan orang lain. Adat dan tabi’at manusia menilai, bahwa perbuatan semacam ini adalah -mohon maaf- tindakan ceroboh dan menjijikkan.

Demikian.

Wallahua’lam bis showab.

Dijawab oleh Ustadz Ahmad Anshori, Lc

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